Arborists divide tree problems into two broad categories, biotic and abiotic. Biotic tree problems are caused by living organisms including, bacterial and viral pathogens, fungi and parasitic plants, insects and even birds and mammals. Abiotic injuries would include lightning strikes, hail damage, low temperatures, high winds, drought, and many other environmental factors.
I diagnose all tree injuries using a thorough and systematic process. The following outline will help you understand how I investigate the problem.
1. Identify the Plant – Many insects and diseases that attack trees are specialists. They only attack a certain species or genus of plants. Properly identifying a tree can quickly narrow the possible biotic pathogens. By correctly identifying a tree, I can know its native habitat, growth requirements and peculiar characteristics.
2. Identify the Symptoms – Over twenty years of daily exposure to the common trees of Hampton Roads has strengthened my ability to recognize abnormalities and to distinguish between serious and less harmful injuries. Leaves can be wilted, chlorotic, scorched, blotched, blackened, twisted, malformed or attacked by numerous chewing and sucking insects. Close inspection of the stems, twigs and trunk is equally important. Each abnormality reveals a clue that can be used to diagnose your tree’s problem.
3. Inspect the Site – I need to look closely at the tree’s environment, which includes, recent weather, soil characteristics, nearby infrastructure, nearby vegetation, and many cultural practices. e.g., irrigation, fertilization, pesticide application.
4. Look for Patterns – Are various species affected or a single species? Are the symptoms uniform or scattered randomly around the tree? Are the symptoms present on new growth or older growth? Is there a pattern of injury that can be correlated with the topography?
5. Learn the Tree’s History – I usually have many questions for the tree owner. When was the tree planted? What cultural practices have been implemented? Have there been any construction activities nearby?
6. Testing and Analysis – Soil, water and foliar samples are often needed to make an accurate diagnosis.
Only after I have collected enough information can I thoroughly review the problem. Each species of tree has its own set of common and less common ailments. Although I can diagnose many problems based on familiarity, as a science-based practitioner, I like to review the relevant and most recent arboricultural research before suggesting corrective actions.
If you have a problem with one of your trees, give us a call or send me an email. Every tree can provide landscape value and important ecological services. Our company supports tree preservation whenever practical.
